Types of Fraud computer

1.) The six types of fraud comitted :

1.Input manipulation

Input manipulation is the most widely used method, since it can be done without requiring high technical skills. Example : bank teller was found taking money from bank accounts through a computer system.

2. Program Alteration

  Manipulation through the regular program conducted by the information technology specialist.
3.File Alteration

  Changing the file directly commonly done by people who have a lot of direct access to the database.
4. Data Theft

  With the sophistication of password guessing or thieves managed to break the password to access the   data that should not be their rights.

5. Sabotage
  Sabotage can be done in various ways. The general term used to denote the action into a computer  system without authorization, ie hacking.

Various techniques are used to perform the hacking:

• Denial of Service

This technique is implemented in a way that very much makes a request to a site so that the system becomes jammed and then by looking for weaknesses in the system of perpetrators of an attack on the system.
• Sniffer

This technique is implemented by creating a program to track one data which packet when the packet across the Internet, capture passwords or catch it.

• Spoofing

Have forged email address or website in order to trick the user into entering important information such as passwords or credit card numbers.

  Various malicious code or nosy also a threat to computer systems, the code in question is:

• Virus

Virus in the form of fragments of code that can double souls by copying and pasting the code into an executable program file (eg a. Exe in DOS). Subsequently, a copy of the virus will become active when an infected program is executed. Some viruses only "just show up". But a number of other viruses that actually very nasty karenaakan delete files with certain extensions and even formatting the hard disk. An example is a nasty virus CIH or Chernobyl virus, which did spread through email.

• Worm (Worm)

   A worm is a computer program that can reproduce itself and infect computers in the network.
• Logic or Time Bomb Bomb (Logic bomb or time bomb)

Programs that action is triggered by an event or something after the interval elapsed. For example, the program can be set to erase your hard disk or network causes traffic jams.

• Trojan Horse (Trojan Horse)

The program is designed to be used to infiltrate into the system. For example, a Trojan horse can create a user with superuser authority or supervisor. User is what will be used to infiltrate the system.

     6. Theft of computer time

  It is a form of illegal use of the source computacy power by employees in order to run his own business.

2.)  Methode to protecting each type of fraud :

1.      Input Control,

namely control which designed to keep in order that the data who inserted into the system is data that accurate, sahih (valid) and official (authorized).  Example, computer can be programmed to reject input wage data that are not incoming in the list official employees.

2.      Process Control,

is all about control which designed to keep in order all transaction is processed with the carefully (accurate) and complete (complete), so that all the files and record may well updated. Example, the use of ribbon calculating machine who load the mold the results of the calculation of a groups of documents (batch total) which can used as a tool the checking on the processing the document-such documents.

3.      Output Control, namely form of control that is designed to keep in order output system can be controlled with the well. Examples, the shape controls to prevent so as salaries directors did not can be known with the easily by every employee.

4.      Preventif Control  , is all about control that is directed on securing and misuse assets, with the road counteracting the before problem itself happen, often referred also as controlling before facts. This control used to prevent the occurrence these inefficiencies. Examples of the use of standard costs as a form of guidance for personnel to carry out activities as specified.

5.      Detective Control, is all about control which done with uncovering problems of an activity is soon after the activity it happened. Example, checking of re against calculation-calculation, the preparation of reconciliation bank or the preparation of trial balance for test the balance recording of transactions within a given period.

6.      Corrective Control, is all about control that serves to correcting errors which discovered by controlling detective. Examples : improved data input procedures, reporting standards and the realization of cost comparisons.